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This decade also sees the rise and proliferation of Wi-Fi - wireless internet communication - as well as mobile internet devices like smartphones and, in 2005, the first-ever internet cat video. It’s not all bad news, though the 2000s see Google’s meteoric rise to domination of the search engine market. By 2001, most publicly traded dotcom companies are gone. While myriad internet-based businesses become present in everyday life, the Dow Jones industrial average also sees its biggest one-day drop in history up to that point. 2000sĢ000 sees the rise and burst of the dotcom bubble.
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The first internet virus capable of copying and sending itself to a user’s address book is discovered in 1999. In 1999, the music and video piracy controversy intensifies with the launch of Napster. John Perry Barlow responds with an essay, A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace. In 1996, Congress passes the Communications Decency Act in an effort to combat the growing amount of objectionable material on the internet.
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A watershed year for the internet comes in 1995: Microsoft launches Windows 95 Amazon, Yahoo and eBay all launch Internet Explorer launches and Java is created, allowing for animation on websites and creating a new flurry of internet activity. Tim Berners-Lee and his colleagues at CERN develop hypertext markup language (HTML) and the uniform resource locator (URL), giving birth to the first incarnation of the World Wide Web. In 1985, the first domain is registered:, a domain belonging to a computer manufacturer. Paul Mockapetris, Jon Postel and Craig Partridge create the Domain Name system, which uses domain names to manage the increasing number of users on the internet. In 1981, Metcalfe’s company 3Com announces Ethernet products for both computer workstations and personal computers this allows for the establishment of local area networks (LANs). This broadens access to the internet and allows for email communication between multiple nations of the world. In 1982, the PhoneNet system is established and is connected to ARPANET and the first commercial network, Telenet. 1980sĭave Farber of the University of Delaware reveals a project to build an inexpensive network using dial-up phone lines. Tom Truscott and Steve Bellovin develop a Unix-based system for transferring data over phone lines via a dial-up connection. Over the next few years, Ted Nelson proposes using hypertext to organize network information, and Unix becomes popular for TCP/IP networks. He names this system Alto Aloha, but it later becomes known as Ethernet. While working at Xerox, Robert Metcalfe develops a system using cables that allows for transfer of more data over a network. This later becomes the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), a technology that links multiple networks together such that, if one network is brought down, the others do not collapse.
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In 1973, Robert Kahn and Vinton Cerf collaborate to develop a protocol for linking multiple networks together. Over the following years, the ARPANET grows. Roberts later goes on to publish a plan for the ARPANET, an ARPA-funded computer network that becomes a reality in 1969.
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Roberts on packet-switching theory pioneers the way to the world’s first wide-area computer network. Work by Leonard Kleinrock, Thomas Merrill and Lawrence G. Department of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA). He later shares his idea with colleagues at the U.S. Licklider comes up with the idea for a global computer network. The internet as we know it doesn’t exist until much later, but internet history starts in the 1960s. From simple computer networks to global interconnectivity and instantaneous wireless communications, the rapid and dramatic evolution of the internet can help with understanding the changing nature of technology and communications. It wasn’t always this way though the history of the internet started somewhere. The internet has become a vital part of the modern world, inseparable from daily life and routines. House Blog Business From ARPANET to World Wide Web: An Internet History Timeline